Selection of valve connection types

There are three types of valve connections:
Type 1: Threaded valves
In this type of connection, the inlet and outlet ends of the valve are typically machined with tapered or straight pipe threads, allowing them to be connected to tapered threaded fittings or piping. As this type of connection may result in significant leakage paths, sealants, sealing tape or packing can be used to seal these gaps. If the valve body material is weldable but there is a significant difference in thermal expansion coefficients, or if the operating temperature range is wide, the threaded connection must be hermetically welded.
Threaded valves are primarily those with a nominal diameter of 50 mm or less. If the diameter is too large, installation and sealing of the connection become extremely difficult.　　
To facilitate the installation and removal of threaded valves, pipe fittings may be used at appropriate points in the piping system. For valves with a nominal diameter of 50 mm or less, pipe sleeves may be used as fittings; the threads of the pipe sleeve connect the two sections together.
Type 2: Flanged Valves　　
Valves with flanged connections are relatively easy to install and dismantle. However, they are bulkier than threaded valves and correspondingly more expensive. They are therefore suitable for pipe connections of various diameters and pressures. However, when temperatures exceed 350°C, the bolts, gaskets and flanges become loose, significantly reducing the load on the bolts; this may lead to leaks in flanged connections subjected to high stress.
Third type: Welded connection valves　　
This type of connection is suitable for a wide range of pressures and temperatures, and is more reliable than flanged connections when used under severe conditions. However, valves with welded connections are difficult to dismantle and reinstall; consequently, their use is restricted to applications where long-term, reliable operation is required, or where conditions are severe and temperatures are high. Examples include pipelines in thermal power stations, nuclear power plants and ethylene plants.　　
Welded valves with a nominal diameter of 50 mm or less typically feature a socket weld to connect to the spigot-end of the pipeline. As socket welding creates a gap between the socket and the pipe, this gap may be susceptible to corrosion by certain media, whilst pipeline vibration can cause fatigue at the connection point; consequently, the use of socket welding is subject to certain limitations.　　
In applications involving larger nominal diameters, severe operating conditions and high temperatures, the valve body is often connected via butt welding. Furthermore, as the weld seam is subject to strict quality requirements, highly skilled welders must be selected to carry out this work.